Reducing violence against defenders of the Amazon: a political economy approach

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Written by TPP Principal Niki Palmer, this Working Paper examines why violence against environmental defenders in Brazil’s Amazon remains so widespread, despite laws meant to protect them. It shows that the issue is driven not only by political and economic interests in land and resource extraction, but also by competing ideas about what the Amazon represents. 

For some, the Amazon is a vital global ecosystem; for others, a cultural homeland; and for many, a frontier of opportunity. These conflicting narratives shape behaviour, deepen polarisation and help explain why land-grabbing and violence often go unpunished.

The paper sets out three practical pathways that could shift incentives and improve protections: 

  1. Strengthening the voice and influence of defenders
  2. Increasing the economic value placed on conservation, and
  3. Expanding international financing for forest protection. 

It offers a clear, grounded analysis for readers looking to understand the dynamics driving violence in the Amazon and what might realistically change them.